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<p style="text-indent:37px;text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">种子质量特性值的标注</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px;text-align:center"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">武合讲</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、销售的种子既应</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“真实”又应“达标”</span></span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《种子法》第四十条</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“销售的种子应当符合国家或者行业标准，附有标签和使用说明。标签和使用说明标注的内容应当与销售的种子相符”的规定，确立了销售的种子应当符合“真实”和“达标”的两项原则。“真实”就是名副其实，标注的内容与销售的种子真实状况相符；“达标”就是种子质量指标符合国家或者行业标准的规定。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">二、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">销售的</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">种子标签标注的特性值，应是对销售的种子样品质量特性检测所得的具体数值</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">依据《农作物种子标签和使用说明管理办法》第十二条第三款</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“特性值应当标明具体数值，品种纯度、净度、水分百分率保留一位小数，发芽率保留整数”的规定，销售的种子标签标明的特性值应是具体数值。具体数值，是指对销售的种子样品检测所获得的质量特性具体数值。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">三、</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">种子标签未标明质量特性具体数值的，不具有合法性</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《种子法》第四十条第二款规定，标签应当标注质量指标。《农作物种子标签和使用说明管理办法》第十一条规定：</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“质量指标是指生产经营者承诺的质量标准，不得低于国家或者行业标准规定；未制定国家标准或行业标准的，按企业标准或者种子生产经营者承诺的质量标准进行标注。”依据上述规定，销售的种子必须标注质量指标，标注的质量指标不得低于国家或者行业标准的规定值。因为标注的质量指标是生产经营者承诺的质量标准，所以种子标签上标注的质量特性具体数值完全由种子生产经营者根据测定值的真实状况自行确定，既可以标注高于规定值的特性值，也可以标注等于规定值的特性值。销售的种子标签标注的特性值，符合国家标准或行业标准的规定值，未标注具体数值的，虽然不属于“质量低于国家规定标准的”劣种子，但是属于“标签内容不符合规定的”违法种子。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">四、种子标签</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">标注规定值</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">未标明具体数值的，可能承担法律责任</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">（一）</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">国家或者行业标准对质量特性的规定值，是可在一定区间内变化的数值，不是具体数值</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">以销售的水稻种子质量应当符合</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">GB4404.1-2008</span><span style="font-family:宋体">表</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">1</span><span style="font-family:宋体">要求的“纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、净度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">98.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、发芽率不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">85%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">、水分不高于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">13.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">（籼稻）”为例，其中纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">是指包括最低值</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">至最高值</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">100</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">.0</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">区间范围内的任何数值，而不是仅指</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">最低值</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">纯度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">。因为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">小数点后面的</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">0</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">表示应保留一位小数</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">，不表示真实的数值，所以规定值</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">是对纯度最低值的要求，是极限值</span></span>^{<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:Calibri">[</span></span>}^{<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:Calibri">]</span></span>}<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">，不是具体数值</span>^{<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:Calibri">[</span></span>}^{<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px;vertical-align:super"><span style="font-family:Calibri">]</span></span>}<span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">。其余的规定值类推。</span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">（二）种子标签标注规定值</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px">未标明具体数值的，可能承担法律责任</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">1.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">民事赔偿责任。</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">如果对销售的水稻种子检测所得具体数值为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">纯度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.7%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，因为</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">不是具体数值</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">，所以标注纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">的内容与销售的种子</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">特性值</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">纯度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.7%</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">不相符，构成种子标签和使用说明标注的内容不真实</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">。依据《种子法》第四十五条</span><span style="font-family:宋体">“种子使用者因种子质量问题或者因种子的标签和使用说明标注的内容不真实，遭受损失的”，可向种子生产经营者要求赔偿的规定，种子标签未标明质量特性具体数值造成种子使用者损失的，种子使用者可向种子生产经营者要求承担民事赔偿责任。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:37px"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体;font-size: 19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">2.</span><span style="font-family:宋体">行政责任或者刑事责任。</span></span></strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">销售的水稻种子</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">标注纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">如果检测所得具体数值为</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px">纯度</span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.7%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:宋体">因为标注的纯度不低于</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.0%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">包括纯度</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:19px"><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.9%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，而检测值</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.7%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">低于标注值</span><span style="font-family:Calibri">99.9%</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，所以可能被判为“质量低于标签标注指标的”劣种子，依法追究行政责任或者刑事责任。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent:29px"><span style=";font-family:方正楷体_GB2312;font-size:15px">武合讲，山东贵和律师事务所律师，中国种子协会法律服务团成员，菏泽学院作物遗传育种学和农业经济法学退休教师。</span></p><p style="text-indent:29px"><span style=";font-family:方正楷体_GB2312;font-size:15px"><span style="font-family:方正楷体_GB2312">联系方式：手机</span><span style="font-family:方正楷体_GB2312">13605306590；微信whj5668515；邮箱whj148@126.com。</span></span></p><p><br/></p>