民法典实施后“以房抵债”特别是“以房抵工程款”协议的注意要点
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<p>唐新禄律师联系电话13583877696</p><h1 class="rich_media_title " id="activity-name" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 500; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><br/></h1><h1 class="rich_media_title " id="activity-name" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 14px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; font-weight: 500; font-size: 22px; line-height: 1.4; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">民法典实施后“以房抵债”特别是“以房抵工程款”协议的注意要点(一）</h1><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 17px; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span class="wx_tap_link js_wx_tap_highlight" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 8px 10px 0px; padding: 0px 4px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: normal; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 12px; line-height: 1.67; border-radius: 2px; width: auto; overflow: visible; text-overflow: ellipsis; letter-spacing: normal; background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05); color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3); visibility: visible;">原创</span> <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 15px; color: var(--weui-FG-2); visibility: visible;">一路花开legal</span> <span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0); margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-size: 15px; visibility: visible;">一路花开legal</span></p><p><section data-mpa-powered-by="yiban.io" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 24px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.9); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; white-space: normal; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; min-width: 5%; flex: 0 0 auto; height: auto; align-self: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; 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outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 0px; height: 0px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-style: solid; border-width: 3px 0px 3px 6px; border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgba(255, 255, 255, 0) rgb(115, 215, 200); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 15px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 8px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 677px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; border-left: 5px solid rgb(222, 239, 255); 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background-size: cover !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 62.0938px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(50, 151, 248, 0.5); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px; visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">一、</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">协议签订时间问题</p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 15px -7px 0px 0px; padding: 7px 0px 3px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 0%; height: auto; z-index: 1; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 14px; height: 21px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-bottom-left-radius: 115px; border-bottom-right-radius: 115px; background-color: rgb(115, 215, 200); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">1</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: auto; align-self: flex-start; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; border-color: rgb(51, 66, 102); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 14px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 648px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(167, 229, 220, 0.15); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 10px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 620px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgb(245, 248, 251); border-left: 5px solid rgb(30, 105, 206); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px); visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">1.</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206); visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">履行期限届满前达成的“以物抵债”协议的效力</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; visibility: visible;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）《民法典》第401条：“抵押权人在债务履行期限届满前，与抵押人约定债务人不履行到期债务时抵押财产归债权人所有的，只能依法就抵押财产优先受偿。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）《<全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要>理解与适用》第45条“【实务问题】”中的规定，“我们认为，折价作为担保物权实现的方式，原则上须是债务已届履行期限时对抵押物的折价，<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible;">以缔约时的价格取得抵债物，本质上就是流质或者流押条款，依法应当认定无效</span>。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>合同编通则若干问题的解释》（法释〔2023〕13号）第28条规定：“<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible;">债务人或者第三人与债权人在债务履行期限届满前达成以物抵债协议的，人民法院应当在审理债权债务关系的基础上认定该协议的效力</span>。当事人约定债务人到期没有清偿债务，债权人可以对抵债财产拍卖、变卖、折价以实现债权的，人民法院应当认定该约定有效 。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65); visibility: visible;">当事人约定债务人到期没有清偿债务，抵债财产归债权人所有的，人民法院应当认定该约定无效，但是不影响其他部分的效力</span>；债权人请求对抵债财产拍卖、变卖、折价以实现债权的，人民法院应予以支持。当事人订立前款规定的以物抵债协议后，债务人或者第三人未将财产权利转移至债权人名下，债权人主张优先受偿权的，人民法院不予支持；债务人或者第三人已将财产权利转移至债权人名下的，依据《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>有关担保制度的解释》第六十八条的规定处理。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; visibility: visible; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; visibility: visible;">根据前述规定以及结合最高人民法院在《民法典通则编司法解释理解与适用》的观点，<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">我们认为，在履行期限届满前签订以物抵债协议无法实现协议目的</span>，理由在于：</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）折价协议条款无效。</strong>“当事人在债务履行期限届满前达成的，债务人不履行债务时以双方认可的固定价格取得抵债财产的约定，是否属于折价实现债权的方式？我们认为……<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">缔约时达成的固定价格不能作为履行期限届满时对抵债财产折价的依据，不应予以认可</span>。”而如果约定的是“当债务人到期没有清偿债务时，债权人可以对财产拍卖、变卖、折价以实现债权”，则“因该约定不会带来不公平的结果，故人民法院应当认定以物抵债协议有效”。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）以物抵债协议中“流押”条款无效，并不等同于整个以物抵债协议无效。</strong>“<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">《民法典》第401条、第428条中关于流押条款、流质条款的规定与此前立法有所不同，当事人订立流质、流押条款的，抵押财产（质押财产）虽不能直接归担保物权人所有，但抵押权人（质权人）仍然享有依法就抵押财产（质押财产）优先受偿的权利</span>。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）优先受偿的前提是完成让与担保的权利实现程序。</strong>“《民法典》中虽未明确规定让与担保，但从第401条、第428条的修改看来，<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">已产生让与担保的制度效果。</span>”而“《民法典担保制度司法解释》第68条对让与担保的认定及权利实现程序做出了规定”，即财产转移至债权人名下。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">履行期限届满后达成的“以物抵债”协议的效力</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《民法典》第410条第1款：“债务人不履行到期债务或者发生当事人约定的实现抵押权的情形，抵押权人可以与抵押人协议以抵押财产折价或者以拍卖、变卖该抵押财产所得的价款优先受偿。协议损害其他债权人利益的，其他债权人可以请求人民法院撤销该协议。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: -5px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 25px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: middle; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background-image: linear-gradient(140deg, rgb(50, 151, 248) 0%, rgb(28, 96, 248) 34%, rgb(30, 101, 248) 66%, rgb(50, 151, 248) 100%); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 3px 0px, rgb(8, 63, 186) -2px -2px 5px 0px inset; min-width: 5%; height: auto; z-index: 1;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LicGibEeCEt4eTAJPzDGyccMGrpzHg54hAgLSbPRUkC8gicCn58JjUqW0jPRVic7RUz9WrNEgLib6LhZxMFr0iaO4DSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg" data-fail="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; min-width: 5%; height: auto; background-image: url("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LicGibEeCEt4eTAJPzDGyccMGrpzHg54hAgLSbPRUkC8gicCn58JjUqW0jPRVic7RUz9WrNEgLib6LhZxMFr0iaO4DSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-size: cover !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 62.0938px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(50, 151, 248, 0.5);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">“以房抵债”协议的性质</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">诺成合同</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《<全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要>理解与适用》第44条中对“以物抵债协议的性质属于诺成合同还是实践合同”的争议观点采“诺成合同说”，即在我国现行法并未规定代物清偿制度，当事人又未明确约定以债权受领抵债物作为成立要件的情况下，应当将以物抵债协议认定为诺成合同，只要双方就以以物抵债达成合意，以物抵债协议就成立。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国民法典>合同编通则若干问题的解释》（法释〔2023〕13号）第27条第1款的规定：“债务人或者第三人与债权人在债务履行期限届满后达成以物抵债协议，不存在影响合同效力情形的，人民法院应当认定该协议自当事人意思表示一致时生效。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据前述规定，我们认为在债务履行期限届满后达成的以房抵债协议系诺成合同，在不存在特殊约定时，自协议双方意思表示一致时生效，不以房屋交付为生效要件。</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2<br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新债清偿</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">根据最高人民法院在《民法典通则编司法解释理解与适用》的观点，我们认为，针对以物抵债协议的性质是属于“债务更新”还是“新债清偿”此问题可以从两个层面去看：</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）尊重意思自治，“债务更新”为例外。“如果当事人明确约定新债务成立的同时消灭旧债务，亦应对此意思表示予以尊重。”原债消灭的同时，原债的从权利如担保物权等随之消灭。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">由于“债务更新”适用对债权人保护不利，除非有特殊情形对此明确约定的，该情形一般不适用。</strong></span></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）以“新债清偿”为一般原则。新债履行完毕前旧债仍然存续，附随于旧债上的担保等仍然有效。以物抵债协议不履行或未按约定完全履行时，<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">债权人应当及时催告</span>。在催告的合理期限届满仍未履行的，债权人享有请求债务人继续履行新债和恢复履行旧债的选择权。<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">债务人没有选择权，不能主张继续履行原债给付进行抗辩</span>。 </p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以物抵债协议的达成产生对旧债诉讼时效中断的效果。</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 40px; height: 40px; vertical-align: top; overflow: hidden; border-top-right-radius: 300px; background-color: rgb(166, 210, 254);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 9px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; transform: translate3d(-3px, 0px, 0px);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: bottom; width: auto; align-self: flex-end; flex: 100 100 0%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px 0px 5px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; font-size: 18px; color: rgb(30, 105, 206);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">不需要履行清算程序</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">债权人请求履行以物抵债协议时不需要就抵债物履行清算程序。第三人若认为抵债行为损害其利益的，可以参照《民法典》第410条第1款的规定主张撤销。 </p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: -5px 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 25px 0px 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: auto; vertical-align: middle; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background-image: linear-gradient(140deg, rgb(50, 151, 248) 0%, rgb(28, 96, 248) 34%, rgb(30, 101, 248) 66%, rgb(50, 151, 248) 100%); border-style: solid; border-width: 2px; border-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-shadow: rgb(189, 189, 189) 0px 0px 3px 0px, rgb(8, 63, 186) -2px -2px 5px 0px inset; min-width: 5%; height: auto; z-index: 1;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; justify-content: center; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section data-lazy-bgimg="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LicGibEeCEt4eTAJPzDGyccMGrpzHg54hAgLSbPRUkC8gicCn58JjUqW0jPRVic7RUz9WrNEgLib6LhZxMFr0iaO4DSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg" data-fail="0" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; background-position: 50% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; min-width: 5%; height: auto; background-image: url("https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/LicGibEeCEt4eTAJPzDGyccMGrpzHg54hAgLSbPRUkC8gicCn58JjUqW0jPRVic7RUz9WrNEgLib6LhZxMFr0iaO4DSg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg"); background-size: cover !important;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: left; justify-content: flex-start; display: flex; flex-flow: row;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 10px 10px 10px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; width: 62.0938px; vertical-align: top; align-self: flex-start; flex: 0 0 auto; background-color: rgba(50, 151, 248, 0.5);"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: center; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-size: 18px;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、</strong></p></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 15px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; width: auto; align-self: center; flex: 0 0 auto; min-width: 5%; height: auto;"><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify; letter-spacing: 2px; color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">超级优先权</p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; text-align: justify;"><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">在以房抵债协议签署时，往往我们也会遇到“超级优先权”的问题，关于“超级优先权”的相关规定，我们梳理如下：</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1.《最高人民法院关于建设工程价款优先受偿权问题的批复》</strong>（法释〔2002〕16号）第二条规定：“消费者交付购买商品房的全部或者大部分款项后，承包人就该商品房享有的工程价款优先受偿权不得对抗买受人。”（<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">该规定已废止</span>）</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2.</strong><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">《最高人民法院关于人民法院办理执行异议和复议若干问题的规定》</strong>（法释〔2015〕10号，<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">该规定2020年已修正，法释〔2020〕21号</span>）第二十九条规定：“金钱债权执行中，买受人对登记在被执行的房地产开发企业名下的商品房提出异议，符合下列情形且其权利能够排除执行的，人民法院应予支持：（一）在人民法院查封之前已签订合法有效的书面买卖合同；（二）所购商品房系用于居住且买受人名下无其他用于居住的房屋；（三）已支付的价款超过合同约定总价款的百分之五十。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">3.《<全国法院民商事审判工作会议纪要>理解与适用》第125条</strong>：</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）买受人名下无其他用于居住的房屋，可以理解为在案涉房屋同一设区的市或者县级市范围内商品房消费者名下没有用于居住的房屋。商品房消费者名下虽然已有1套房屋，但购买的房屋在面积上仍然属于满足基本居住需要的，可以理解为符合该规定的精神。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）如果商品房消费者支付的价款接近于百分之五十，且已按照合同约定将剩余价款支付给申请执行人或者按照人民法院的要求交付执行的，可以理解为符合该规定的精神。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）对于房屋的性质用途限于居住用房，商业用房不在保护之列，而<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">商住两用房由于也具备居住属性</span>，亦应当予以保护，可以参照该条规定适用。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）<span style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important; color: rgb(255, 41, 65);">网签可以视为已签订了商品房买卖合同</span>。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）公司购房人并不属于消费者购房人，不适用本条。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">4.《最高人民法院关于商品房消费者权利保护问题的批复》</strong>（法释〔2023〕1号），“一、建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及其他债权之间的权利顺位关系，按照《最高人民法院关于审理建设工程施工合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释（一）》第三十六条的规定处理。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 二、商品房消费者以居住为目的购买房屋并已支付全部价款，主张其房屋交付请求权优先于建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及其他债权的，人民法院应当予以支持。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 只支付了部分价款的商品房消费者，在一审法庭辩论终结前已实际支付剩余价款的，可以适用前款规定。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 三、在房屋不能交付且无实际交付可能的情况下，商品房消费者主张价款返还请求权优先于建设工程价款优先受偿权、抵押权以及其他债权的，人民法院应当予以支持。”</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"> 根据前述规定，关于商品房消费者享有的“超级优先权”，在以房抵债特别是以房抵工程款问题上，我们认为，承包人自身并非是“超级优先权”的适用主体。</strong></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></p>
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