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<p style="text-indent: 53px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:18px">律师解答</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">离婚</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:18px">时</span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:Arial;font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">怎么能获得孩子的抚养权</span></span></strong><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:18px">&nbsp;</span></strong></p><p style="text-indent: 53px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><strong><span style=";font-family:宋体;font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">南浔律师李广健（电话</span><span style="font-family:Arial">13645727755</span><span style="font-family:宋体">）对离婚时如何获得孩子抚养权作了一下详细解答：</span></span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">《民法典》第一千零八十四条规定了离婚后未成年子女归属的三大原则：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、母亲直接抚养原则：不满两周岁的子女；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、最有利于未成年子女原则：已满两周岁不满八周岁子女；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、尊重未成年子女真实意愿原则：八周岁及以上的未成年子女。</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 12px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">上海二中院高级法官李彦从现行司法实践入手，整理出</span>3<span style="font-family:宋体">张清单，帮助梳理离婚争取抚养权的办案思路。</span></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">一、中性清单：是指清单的内容不会对评价夫妻一方的抚养能力造成影响，但又会直接影响到子女抚养权归属的因素。这张清单的内容，一般是确定子女抚养权权归属的必要事实。</span></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><br/></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 12px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">包括：</span></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、子女的年龄；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、子女的数量（夫妻中的任意一方是否还有其他子女也会对抚养权归属造成影响）；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、子女的真实意愿；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">4<span style="font-family:宋体">、父母能否协商轮流抚养；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">5<span style="font-family:宋体">、子女的个人情况（性别、生活环境、长期受照顾情况）；</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 12px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">二、正面清单：各类有助于提升父母抚养能力的因素，可供法官对双方抚养能力进行直观的比较。</span></span><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、受教育程度（除关注父母学历外，所学专业也可作为考量的因素）；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、有无独立住房（房屋面积、居住人口、房屋位置与孩子学校的距离等）；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、工作情况（稳定性、工作岗位的空闲时间）；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">4<span style="font-family:宋体">、可支配收入；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">5<span style="font-family:宋体">、可提供教育资源的情况；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">6<span style="font-family:宋体">、亲属协助情况；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">7<span style="font-family:宋体">、生育能力（对于一方已做绝育手术的方式和动机应加以了解）；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">8<span style="font-family:宋体">、子女培养计划；</span></span></p><p style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style="font-family: Arial;font-size: 12px">&nbsp;</span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">三、负面清单：各类不适宜直接抚养孩子的因素，如果一方存在负面清单中罗列的情形，原则上</span><span style="font-family:Arial">“</span><span style="font-family:宋体">一票否决</span><span style="font-family:Arial">”</span><span style="font-family:宋体">，不再考虑将孩子交由其直接抚养。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">1<span style="font-family:宋体">、一方患有久治不愈的传染性疾病或者其他严重疾病；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">2<span style="font-family:宋体">、有抚养条件不尽抚养义务；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">3<span style="font-family:宋体">、其他不宜直接抚养未成年子女的情形：</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">有赌博、吸毒、嫖娼、卖淫等恶习；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">家暴、遗弃、虐待家庭成员；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">不利于未成年人的犯罪记录；</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">所制定的子女培养计划严重偏离社会主义核心价值观</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">法官可以基于</span>&quot;<span style="font-family:宋体">中性清单</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">判断孩子当前的基本状态和过去的生活环境，防止遗漏关键事实；用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">正面清单</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">比较父母提供的成长条件孰优孰劣，全面考察父母抚养能力；用</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">负面清单</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">否决不利于孩子成长的生活方案，为孩子抚养权的归属问题找到</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">最优解</span><span style="font-family:Arial">&quot;</span><span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 7px;margin-bottom: 7px;line-height: 30px;background: rgb(255, 255, 255)"><span style=";font-family:Arial;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px"><span style="font-family:宋体">当事人和律师了解法官审案判案的思路，可以制定出合适的诉讼策略，提前做准备。不管抚养权判归哪一方，最重要的是降低离婚对孩子带来的伤害。子女的身心健康应该是放在第一位的</span></span><span style=";font-family:宋体;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-size:18px">。</span></p><p><span style=";font-family:Calibri;font-size:14px">&nbsp;</span></p><p><br/></p>